Scientific substantiation of technologies for the maintenance and repair of highways and urban street networks to improve traffic safety

Abstract

The scientific substantiation of technologies for the maintenance and repair of highways and urban street networks reveals the mechanisms of the relationship between the parameters of the technical condition of the coatings and the level of traffic safety in the conditions of increasing traffic load and a variety of influencing factors. The established quantitative dependencies demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between the evenness indicators based on the international IRI index, the depth of the track, the coefficient of adhesion, and the presence of defects with the relative accident rate, with the nonlinear growth of the latter being particularly pronounced when the threshold values of 4.8 m/km for IRI, 16.5 mm for the track, and 0.42 for the coefficient of adhesion are exceeded, which justifies the need for a preventive approach to the assignment of repair actions instead of a reactive approach to the elimination of critical conditions with a multiple regression determination coefficient of 0.847. A comparative technical and economic assessment of repair technologies, including surface treatment, thin-layer coatings, cold recycling, the use of crushed-mastic asphalt concrete on modified bitumen, geosynthetic materials and complete reconstruction, identifies optimal solutions through multi criteria optimization, taking into account the reduced life cycle costs, frequency of repairs, operating costs and the socio-economic effect of reducing accidents, where thin-layer coatings demonstrate the most rational cost efficiency ratio in conditions of medium traffic intensity, and consideration of climatic zones shows deviations of actual service life from the standard in the range of 7,8-14,2%. In the context of the urban road network, the ranking of defects by an integral hazard indicator is of particular importance, the maximum values of which correspond to subsidence on manholes and tracks, while mathematical modeling confirms the exponential nature of damage development with coefficients from 0.142 to 0.287, emphasizing the critical role of timely application of specialized technologies for backfilling trenches using self-sealing mixtures that reduce the likelihood of drawdown formation by 67,3-72,8%. Assessment of strategies for managing the maintenance of the road network shows that an integrated approach combining continuous monitoring with the use of modern diagnostic systems, GPR monitoring, methods of reliability theory of technical systems, machine learning to predict the durability of structures and decision support systems based on transport modeling, reduces accident rates by 64,5% with a moderate increase in unit costs, providing a positive net economic effect by reducing socio-economic losses from road accidents, estimated at an average of 8,7 million rubles per event. The analysis of the regulatory framework indicates the need to update it by introducing integral quality criteria for maintenance, predictive models for residual resource, and mandatory consideration of accident rates when developing work programs and road facility management systems at all levels. The prospects for further development are associated with the adaptation of technologies to the requirements of highly automated vehicles, integration with intelligent transport systems, more detailed consideration of geometric parameters, behavioral factors of drivers, and the training of personnel who possess methods of comprehensive infrastructure analysis, which in general contributes to the transition to road management focused on the final indicators of traffic safety, resource efficiency, and minimization of total life cycle costs in various road and climatic zones.