Improving the design of shock absorbers for construction machinery cabins to reduce operator vibration load

Abstract

The vibration load of construction machinery operators is a serious problem for ensuring work comfort and industrial safety. Modern cabin shock absorbers do not fully provide effective protection against the dynamic impacts that occur during the operation of heavy machinery. The aim of the research is to develop an improved design of the damping system for construction machinery cabins with enhanced vibration protection characteristics. The research methodology included experimental measurement of vibration parameters at operator sites of various types of construction equipment, mathematical modeling of dynamic processes in shock absorption systems, development and testing of prototypes of improved shock absorbers. The study was performed on the basis of 47 units of construction equipment of various classes using three-axis accelerometers PCB Piezotronics and the analysis system Siemens LMS Scadas. It has been found that the use of hydropneumatic shock absorbers with an adaptive damping control system reduces the RMS values of acceleration in the cabin by 68,4% compared with traditional passive systems, The effectiveness of vibration protection in the frequency range 1-8 Hz increases by 71,2%, which corresponds to a decrease in the equivalent dose of vibration from 2,8 to $0,8~m/s2$ The developed design of a magnetorheological shock absorber with an iterative learning system has shown the possibility of automatic adaptation to changing operating conditions with an efficiency factor of 0.89. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of a methodology for designing intelligent shock absorption systems for mobile equipment. The practical value lies in the creation of technical solutions that can significantly improve the working conditions of operators and reduce the risk of occupational diseases. The results of the study open up prospects for the introduction of adaptive vibration protection systems into the mass production of new generation construction machines.