Comprehensive methodology for optimizing forensic construction-technical examination at the acceptance of finishing works in civil construction, accounting for regulatory requirements and uncertainty factors

Abstract

The article proposes a comprehensive methodology for optimizing forensic construction-technical examination at the acceptance stage of finishing works in civil construction, aimed at increasing the objectivity of findings while simultaneously reducing the duration and cost of expert procedures amid multilayered regulation and uncertainty factors. The empirical base comprises 315 expert reports and 80 court decisions (2017-2023), stratified by facility types and finishing work categories; the methodological toolkit includes correlation-regression and variance analysis (Statistica, SPSS), Monte Carlo simulation, systems analysis, and graph theory to formalize the sequence of operations. A weighted classifier of finishing defects is developed, an as-is process model is built to localize bottlenecks, and an optimized algorithm is proposed with modules for preliminary risk assessment, automated verification of design and as-built documentation for compliance with GOST/SP, and differentiated assignment of instrumental and laboratory tests with a priority for non-destructive methods. Approbation on 15 control examinations showed a reduction in labor intensity from 48,5 to 32,0 person-days (-34,02%) due to time savings of 62,35% in documentation analysis, 22,88% in field inspection, and 25,40% in the laboratory block, alongside a 24,51% decrease in direct costs and a reallocation of expenditures toward modern measurement equipment. The reliability of defect identification increased on the composite indicator from 0,79 to 0,925, with the largest gains for hidden substrate defects (+23 percentage points) and material non-conformities (+19 percentage points), enabled by risk-based sampling and a suite of NDT methods. The comprehensive optimality criterion (productivity economic efficiency reliability) rose by 205,47%, and a multifactor model confirmed the pivotal role of the depth of preliminary risk analysis alongside the level of automation and NDT intensity. It is concluded that standardizing the methodology and digitally integrating it (BIM, Al) is expedient for scalable improvements in the quality of expert activity and the efficiency of resolving construction disputes.