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      <journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">IE</journal-id>
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        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">&#x421;&#x422;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x418;&#x422;&#x415;&#x41B;&#x42C;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x418; &#x414;&#x41E;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x416;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x41C;&#x410;&#x428;&#x418;&#x41D;&#x42B;</journal-title>
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          <trans-title>STROITEL'NYE I DOROZHNYE MASHINY</trans-title>
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      <issn pub-type="ppub">0039-2391</issn>
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        <publisher-name>&#x418;&#x41F; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x41C;.&#x41C;.</publisher-name>
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      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">54</article-id>
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          <subject>&#x41C;&#x410;&#x428;&#x418;&#x41D;&#x42B; &#x418; &#x41C;&#x415;&#x425;&#x410;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x417;&#x41C;&#x42B;</subject>
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        <article-title xml:lang="ru">&#x41A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x433;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x438; swarm intelligence &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x44D;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x445;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;</article-title>
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          <trans-title>Convergence of nanorobotics and swarm intelligence for the assembly of microelectromechanical systems</trans-title>
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      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
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              <surname>&#x427;&#x436;&#x430;&#x43E;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x421;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x44C;</given-names>
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            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Zhao</surname>
              <given-names>Xin</given-names>
            </name>
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          <email>xinzhao@voenmeh.ru</email>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">&#x411;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x442;&#x438;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442; &#x412;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x445; &#x438;&#x43C;. &#x414;.&#x424;. &#x423;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;</institution>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">D.F. Ustinov Baltic State Technical University of Military Mechanics</institution>
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      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>69</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>59</fpage>
      <lpage>68</lpage>
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        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">&#xA9; 2025 &#x421;&#x422;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x418;&#x422;&#x415;&#x41B;&#x42C;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x418; &#x414;&#x41E;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x416;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x41C;&#x410;&#x428;&#x418;&#x41D;&#x42B;. &#x412;&#x441;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430; &#x437;&#x430;&#x449;&#x438;&#x449;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B;.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">&#xA9; 2025 STROITEL'NYE I DOROZHNYE MASHINY. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
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        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">STROITEL'NYE I DOROZHNYE MASHINY</copyright-holder>
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      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>&#x418;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x441; &#x430;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x433;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43F;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x430; (swarm intelligence) &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x433;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x441;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x44D;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x445;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; (&#x41C;&#x42D;&#x41C;&#x421;), &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x441;&#x448;&#x442;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x445;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x432;. &#x414;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43A; &#x440;&#x435;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x41C;&#x42D;&#x41C;&#x421;-&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x441; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x441;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x445;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x441;&#x448;&#x442;&#x430;&#x431;&#x430;. &#x41C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430; &#x432;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x447;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x447;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;, &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x432;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x434;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x430;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437; &#x44D;&#x444;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x430;&#x440;&#x445;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; swarm intelligence. &#x420;&#x435;&#x437;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x443;&#x431;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; (&#xB1;12 &#x43D;&#x43C;) &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x441;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x435; &#x444;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x41C;&#x42D;&#x41C;&#x421;-&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x441; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x44E; 2,4&#xD7;10&#x2076; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439;/&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;. &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x44D;&#x444;&#x444;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442; &#x44D;&#x444;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442; 0,87 &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435; &#x432; &#x443;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x445; &#x434;&#x435;&#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;. &#x41F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x433;&#x438;&#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x430;&#x440;&#x445;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x447;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x441;&#x448;&#x442;&#x430;&#x431;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x434;&#x43E; 10&#x2075; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x430;&#x433;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;. &#x422;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x447;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x430; &#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x430;&#x433;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x44E; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438;.</p>
      </abstract>
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        <p>The integration of nanorobototechnical systems with group intelligence (swarm intelligence) algorithms represents a revolutionary paradigm in the field of assembly of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), opening up fundamentally new possibilities for the high-precision production of microscale components of construction machines and mechanisms. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to the implementation of autonomous assembly of MEMS components using self-organizing nanometer-scale robot systems. The methodological framework includes numerical modeling of the collective behavior of nanorobot systems, experimental validation of coordination algorithms, and analysis of the effectiveness of various swarm intelligence architectures. The results demonstrate the possibility of achieving submicron positioning accuracy (&#xB1;12 nm) when assembling functional MEMS structures with a capacity of 2.4&#xD7;10&#x2076; operations/hour. The efficiency coefficient of the collective assembly is 0.87 when working in a decentralized management environment. The proposed hybrid architecture provides scalability of up to 10 nanorobotic agents while maintaining optimal system coherence. The theoretical significance lies in the formation of a new class of multi-agent robotic systems for precision microassembly, the practical value is determined by the possibility of creating autonomous production complexes for modern mechanical engineering and construction equipment.</p>
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        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted without external funding.</funding-statement>
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