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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">IE</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">&#x421;&#x422;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x418;&#x422;&#x415;&#x41B;&#x42C;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x418; &#x414;&#x41E;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x416;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x41C;&#x410;&#x428;&#x418;&#x41D;&#x42B;</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>STROITEL'NYE I DOROZHNYE MASHINY</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0039-2391</issn>
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        <publisher-name>&#x418;&#x41F; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x41C;.&#x41C;.</publisher-name>
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      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">233</article-id>
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        <subj-group xml:lang="ru" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>&#x41F;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x415;&#x41A;&#x422;&#x418;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x412;&#x410;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x415; &#x418; &#x41C;&#x41E;&#x414;&#x415;&#x41B;&#x418;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x412;&#x410;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x415;</subject>
        </subj-group>
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        <article-title xml:lang="ru">&#x41D;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; (logs/metrics/traces) &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x418;&#x421;: SLI/SLO &#x438; &#x441;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; MTTR</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Observability (logs/metrics/traces) as a component of information system design: SLI/SLO and MTTR reduction</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
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              <surname>Rostotskii</surname>
              <given-names>Maxim V.</given-names>
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          <email>rostotckii.mv@dvfu.ru</email>
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            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>&#x411;&#x435;&#x440;&#x451;&#x437;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;</surname>
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              <surname>Berezkina</surname>
              <given-names>Galina L.</given-names>
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          <email>berezkina.gl@dvfu.ru</email>
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          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>&#x412;&#x435;&#x440;&#x431;&#x438;&#x446;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x421;&#x435;&#x440;&#x433;&#x435;&#x439; &#x421;&#x435;&#x440;&#x433;&#x435;&#x435;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Verbitckii</surname>
              <given-names>Sergey S.</given-names>
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          <email>verbitckii.ss@dvfu.ru</email>
        </contrib>
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            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>&#x41A;&#x443;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x410;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x410;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x440;&#x435;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x430;</given-names>
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              <surname>Kurilova</surname>
              <given-names>Anna A.</given-names>
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          <email>kurilova.aa@dvfu.ru</email>
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              <surname>&#x424;&#x451;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x41C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x410;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x440;&#x435;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x430;</given-names>
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              <surname>Fedorova</surname>
              <given-names>Maria A.</given-names>
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          <email>fedorova.man@dvfu.ru</email>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">&#x414;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x444;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442;, 690922, &#x433;. &#x412;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43A;, &#x43E;. &#x420;&#x443;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x43F;. &#x410;&#x44F;&#x43A;&#x441;, 10</institution>
        </aff>
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          <institution content-type="orgname">Far Eastern Federal University, 690922, Vladivostok, Russky Island, Ayaks, 10</institution>
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      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>69</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>117</fpage>
      <lpage>125</lpage>
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        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">&#xA9; 2025 &#x421;&#x422;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x418;&#x422;&#x415;&#x41B;&#x42C;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x418; &#x414;&#x41E;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x416;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x41C;&#x410;&#x428;&#x418;&#x41D;&#x42B;. &#x412;&#x441;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430; &#x437;&#x430;&#x449;&#x438;&#x449;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B;.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">&#xA9; 2025 STROITEL'NYE I DOROZHNYE MASHINY. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">&#x421;&#x422;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x418;&#x422;&#x415;&#x41B;&#x42C;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x418; &#x414;&#x41E;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x416;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x415; &#x41C;&#x410;&#x428;&#x418;&#x41D;&#x42B;</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">STROITEL'NYE I DOROZHNYE MASHINY</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" specific-use="metadata" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" xml:lang="ru">
          <license-p>&#x41C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x449;&#x435;&#x439; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x441;&#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x443;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x445; Creative Commons CC0 1.0 (&#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x430;&#x447;&#x430; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;).</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" specific-use="metadata" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>The metadata of this record are distributed under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.</license-p>
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      <self-uri xlink:href="https://iereview.ru/index.php/IE/article/view/233"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>&#x412; &#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x435; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x451;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E;, &#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x447;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x435;&#x435; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x441;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x435;&#x440;&#x432;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;, &#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x442;&#x438;&#x439;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x433;&#x438;&#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x430;&#x440;&#x445;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x437;&#x430; &#x441;&#x447;&#x451;&#x442; &#x441;&#x43A;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; (&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;, &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438;, &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x451;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x44B;) &#x438; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x434;&#x451;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x437; SLI/SLO &#x438; &#x431;&#x44E;&#x434;&#x436;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43E;&#x448;&#x438;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x43A;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x434;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442; &#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x437;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x44B;, &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44F; &#x434;&#x438;&#x430;&#x433;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x443; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x432; &#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x440;&#x435;&#x436;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x438; &#x443;&#x445;&#x443;&#x434;&#x448;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x435; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A; &#x440;&#x435;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x44B;&#x442;&#x443;, &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x430;&#x445; &#x441; &#x44D;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438;, &#x433;&#x434;&#x435; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x44A;&#x44F;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x441;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x443;. &#x41D;&#x430; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; 12 000 &#x438;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438;&#x437; 148 &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x44C; &#x437;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x441; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x449;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;: &#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x43E;&#x442; &#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43A; &#x434;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x440;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433;&#x443; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435; SLO &#x441;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x441;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; MTTR &#x438; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x443;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x432;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x436;&#x434;&#x451;&#x43D; &#x441;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x440;&#x433;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x44D;&#x444;&#x444;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442; &#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B; logs/metrics/traces: &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43A; &#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43A;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x436;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x443;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44E; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x443;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x432; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x445; SLA. &#x414;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x443;&#x43C; &#x434;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;: &#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; tail-based &#x441;&#x44D;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x447;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43B;&#x443;&#x447;&#x448;&#x438;&#x439; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x432;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x441; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x443;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x44A;&#x451;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;, &#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D; &#x443;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x435;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x434;&#x430;&#x447;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43D;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x444;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x441;&#x438;&#x433;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;.</p>
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        <p>The article examines the observability of distributed information systems as a designed property that ensures the manageability of complexity in microservice, event-driven, and hybrid architectures through end-to-end telemetry (logs, metrics, distributed traces) and the formalization of reliability via SLI/SLO and the error budget. It is shown that isolated or late adoption of telemetry tools creates blind spots, shifting incident diagnostics into a stochastic mode and worsening the alignment of operational characteristics with real user experience, especially in cloud environments with ephemeral resources, where infrastructure metrics lose explanatory power. Based on a dataset of more than 12,000 incidents from 148 industrial systems, a quantitative relationship is demonstrated between observability maturity and reduced recovery time: increased tracing coverage and a transition from static thresholds to dynamic SLO-based alerting are accompanied by a multiple reduction in MTTR and the share of false positives, as well as decreased recovery variability. The synergistic effect of the logs/metrics/traces triad is confirmed: a full stack sharply reduces detection time and increases the proportion of incidents resolved within SLA. Additionally, an economic optimum of data granularity is identified: adaptive tail-based sampling provides a better return on investment compared to a simple increase in the volume of stored traces, reflecting the law of diminishing returns and the need for semantic signal filtering.</p>
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