Improving the efficiency of dust suppression in aspiration systems of crushing and screening equipment

Abstract

Modern industrial development trends are characterized by the intensification of the processes of crushing and sorting of mineral raw materials, which causes a critical increase in the concentrations of aerosol particles in the working areas. The research is devoted to the development of innovative technological solutions to increase the efficiency of dust suppression in aspiration systems of crushing and screening equipment through comprehensive optimization of aerodynamic characteristics and the introduction of adaptive control algorithms. The methodological framework of the study included numerical modeling of multiphase turbulent flows using CFD analysis, experimental studies of dust extraction efficiency under various operating parameters, as well as a comprehensive assessment of the technical and economic indicators of the developed systems. The empirical base is formed by the results of field tests at seven industrial facilities with a total processing volume of 2,7 million tons per year. It was found that optimization of the geometric parameters of the aspiration channels provides an increase in dust collection efficiency up to 94,3% while reducing energy consumption by 23,8%. The introduction of an adaptive air flow control system based on continuous monitoring of dust concentrations has made it possible to achieve stabilization of air quality parameters with a deviation of no more than 4,1% from the standard values. The integration of vortex pneumatic curtains with highly efficient cyclone separators has demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in an increase in overall system efficiency to 96,7% and a 31,4% reduction in operating costs. The results obtained substantiate the expediency of an integrated approach to the modernization of dust suppression systems, involving the synchronization of aspiration and hydraulic dust suppression technologies with intelligent process control systems.